Electrical devices and their effective use

For the moment, almost every person wants to learn to save electricity in daily life.The reduction of energy in daily life is considerable popular, as it does not require special investments, but can save considerably

Electricity prices are increasing constantly.This is why many people try to limit their costs.Now there is a huge amount of special information that will help comply with the basic rules of energy consumption cultivation.If you are interested, you can read on the remuneration for the reactive power.

Savings on the lighting of public places

Usually, in order to solve such a problem, you must define the motion sensors.They will help include lighting only in the required period.If these devices are covered in the entrance, you should remember that your home will be able to save a large amount of funds.If necessary, you can also save your funds considerably.To perform this process, you must install a semiconductor diode in a wire break.

Now the diode will have to be placed in the circuit breaker.The diode will perform a certain amount of electricity through itself.The tension will be considerably reduced and you can therefore considerably save your funds.

Electricity saving when using household appliances

Electricity in daily life represents 9 to 10% of all the energy required.And although during the use of household electrical engineering, the possibilities of energy conservation (compared to heating and hot water) are limited, but according to the invoices you paid, you see that this type of energy is relative to the roads.When purchasing household electrical engineering, pay attention to energy consumption, compare various models and manufacturers.

In a family of 4 1/5 electricity, it will take care of things and clothes.The use of modern technology and a change in our habits will save up to 40% of electricity

Energy saving in the kitchen

If you plan to use an electric kettle, it is not necessary to fill it until the end.The water must be poured into such quantities that it is enough for a certain period.This must be done so that the kettle does not use additional electricity.If you plan to use an electric stove, you must remember to save an important tool, you must choose dishes that fully correspond to the size of the plate.If you are interested, you can also read on energy saving thermostats.

The main directions of energy conservation in daily life

Depending on climatic conditions, the type and size of the home, heating systems, gas availability, specific measures aimed at saving resources may vary.But the main directions of the increase in energy efficiency in everyday life are:

• Heat economy.Insulation of walls, ceilings and basements.Replacement of windows and doors with new old cracks and old metal seals or sealing.Installation behind the aluminum or heat -reflection screen heating battery.Replacement of bimetallic or aluminum cast iron radiators.Vingage of the loggia and the balcony.All measurements of the complex will help increase the temperature of the part by 4 to 5 degrees without increasing the cost of the coiner.
• Save water.The installation of the measurement device has consumed water.Replacement of rotating cranes on mixers with leverage switches.Check and repair of the drain tank in the toilet, installation of a tank with two mines.Less often, take a bath, use a shower more.Do not light the water with a full stream without too much need.When shaving and brushing the teeth, close the crane.Use the dishwasher and washing machine with relatively complete loads.In general, it is possible to reduce the flow of water by 3 to 4 times.
• Gas economy.With individual gas heating, all measures to maintain heat and hot water automatically cause gas savings.During cooking, it is rational to use modern stainless steel dishes with a polished background.All dishes must be clean and even correspond to the size of the burner.Check the adjacent density of the oven door so that the hot air does not come out.The prospect of cost reduction is 2-3 times.

Economic energy lighting devices

Usually, apartments that have long corridors use lighting that is constantly burning.To start saving, you need to use energy incandescent lamps.These lamps have a long guarantee and you can therefore certainly save large funds.If you plan to choose high quality lamps, you must choose a good manufacturer.

In addition, if you plan to save large funds, you should only use light wallpaper.Try not to neglect natural light in your home.

Energy consumption in daily life - where can I save?

From all the energy consumption in daily life, the share of the lion - 79% goes to the heating of the premises, 15% of the energy is spent for the thermal processes (water heating, cooking, etc.), 5% energy consumes electric appliances and 1% of energy is consumed for lighting, radio and television.

What is 1 kW of energy?

You will need 1 kW of energy for:

• 50 hours to listen to the radio;
• 110 hours shaving with an electric front;
• For 17 hours, leave a light burn of 60 watts;
• 12 hours watch a color TV;
• Vacuum 2 hours;
• Take a 5 -minute shower;
• Heat a full water bath to 6 degrees (150 l).

Safe work with electricity in daily life

Electricity has been used for almost two centuries for almost two centuries, and from one year to the next, its role in the life of a modern person has continued to increase.We can also boldly say that at present, electricity has entered almost all the most important spheres of the life of modern society.

The widespread use of electrical energy is associated, first of all, with a simple relative mechanism to transform it into other types of energy.With the help of a variety of types of heating devices, a person manages to receive thermal energy for cooking or to heat the premises.In lighting devices, electrical energy turns into light and using an electric motor, we easily transform the energy of electricity into mechanical energy.

But with all this, it is necessary to remember constantly that, behind visible entirety and the simplicity of electrical energy, an important threat to human life and health can be hidden.When you use various mechanisms for the conversion of electricity, you must not forget a minute of conformity with precautions and safe work methods in electrical circuits and household appliances included in these circuits.

Considerably complicates the situation that electric current is not possible to see or hear either.We can detect the presence of electric current in the driver only using measuring devices specially designed for these purposes.

Consequently, the first condition for the correct use of the energy of the electric current should be compulsory compliance with the basic rules and techniques to work safely with it.The study of the causes of electroumatism in everyday life indicates that these causes are not in a wide variety and do not change for several decades.

The main causes of electroumatism in everyday life are:

• violation of basic rules and working methods with electricity;
• operation of defective cleaning devices;
• Reckless manipulation of electrical installations in personal intrigue;
• Attempt to repair independently of electrical equipment and electric wiring by people who do not have the necessary skills and qualifications.

It is necessary to remember several of the most general rules, the respect of which will allow you to protect yourself from all kinds of problems which often arise during the exploitation of household appliances:

1. Very often, the cause of the electric shock destroys the insulation of the electrical wiring (or electroshnuers) in the places accessible to touch them.For this reason, it is necessary to periodically carry out an external inspection of the electrical wiring and to verify the resistance to the insulation of its wires, and if the violation of the insulation is detected, take the most urgent measures to restore it.
2. All electrical circuits must be protected from short circuits and overloads using automatic circuit breakers or smooth inserts installed in the corresponding lines (in the house or apartment distribution shields).The current installations of these devices must be calibrated so that the protection devices are triggered to currents exceeding the defined values.
3. The operation of electrical electrical networks is only possible with completely usable installation elements of the wiring (sockets, distribution boxes, switches, etc.).
4. The network strings of household appliances in places of damage or rupture of the driver's nuclei can be very heated, which is often the cause of the fire of the wires.Therefore, it is necessary to carefully monitor the ease of service of the wires and forks of the network cords.
5. Before repairing the stranded electrical device, it is necessary to deactivate this electrical device on the network.But the most optimal solution in this case will be the invitation of a qualified specialist who will quickly and effectively eliminate malfunction.
6. It is necessary to very carefully monitor the presence of a protective landing of all the metal parts and the boxes of electrical installations.The protective earth setting up will reliably protect you from electric shocks in the event of violation of the insulation of the electric wiring and when the network voltage appears on the case of the electrical device.

Chronology of the practical use of electricity

Almost at the same time, the theory of electricity begins the history of the practical application of electricity.In 1809, the Englishman Delaru built the first incandescent lamp with a tungsten thread.But this lamp differs from modern incandescent lamps, such as a cart of the boat's slopes.

65 years old until July 11, 1874, Alexander Nikolaevich Lodygin did not patented the first incandescent lamp in an empty ball.In general, in this decade of the 19th century, lamps were invented as "hot pies".

This is the Didrichson lamp (the improved Lodygin lamp) and the Yablochkov candle (the first lamp in which it was not necessary to maintain the distance between the electrodes) and the Edison lamp with an incandescent platinum wire in 1879.

But platinum wires could not have much use after Lodygin in 1890 in 1890 incandescent wires of refractory materials: Molybdenum and Tungsten.Tungsten's sons always light up most of humanity.

Industrial production of incandescent lamps began in 1905. Industrial production became possible on the basis of the patent n ° 34541 of two Hungarians: Sandora Eustor and Frano Hanaman in 1904.

The practical use of electricity applies not only to the lighting of houses and streets.AC transformers are created, the electric motors are created, first operating from direct current, then asynchronous motors of the alternating current.

But the basis of the basic use of electricity is the development or production of electric current with electrical stations.The first center was an electric generator of the transforming energy of a steam engine into electrical energy.

At first, electric generators provided electricity for separate factories, workshops.In 1880, the first power plants began to be built.The first power plant was built in 1882 in New York under the direction of the same Edison.

Saving using a reasonable self-reset can be significant sums.Let us be around certain simple but effective methods of energy conservation in daily life.

Heat backup

Insulation of window and door blocks allows you to increase the temperature of apartments and houses by 4-5 ° C and abandon the electric radiator, which consumes up to 4000 kW during the season.There are several simple insulation ways:

• Flocons of cracks in window frames and doors.To do this, mounting foams, self-expanding sealing ribbons, silicone and acrylic seals, etc.are used.The result is an increase in air temperature in the part of 1 to 2 degrees;
• Sealing the narthex of windows and doors using various joints and self-adhesive joints.The window seal is carried out not only around the perimeter, but also between the frames.The result is an increase in the temperature of the part of 1 to 3 degrees;
• Installation of new plastic or wooden windows with multi-chamber double glazed windows, glass with film and heat reflective fans.Then, the temperature in the room will be stable in winter and summer, the fresh air, the need to periodically open the window will disappear, throwing a large volume of hot air.The result is an increase in the temperature of the part of 2 to 5 degrees and a decrease in the level of the noise of the street;
• Installation of the second door at the entrance to the apartment (house).The result is an increase in the temperature of the part of 1 to 2 degrees, a decrease in external noise level and gas content;
• Installation of a screen reflecting heat (or aluminum foil) on the wall behind the heating radiator.The result is an increase in the temperature of the part of 1 degree.Try not to close the radiators with dense curtains, screens, furniture - heat will be distributed more effectively in the room.Replace the cast iron radiators with aluminum: their heat transfer is 40 to 50% higher.If the radiators are installed taking into account practical elimination, it is possible to rinse them regularly, which also contributes to increasing heat transfer.The glazing of the balcony or loggia is equivalent to the installation of an additional window.This creates a thermal stamp with an intermediate temperature of 10 ° C higher than in the street, in a severe frost.It is not uncommon when there is no problem with a lack of warmth, but with its excess.The solution will be the installation of thermostat on radiators.

Electrical energy savings

Replace ordinary incandescent lamps with LED.Their lifespan is 20 times more than the incandescent lamp, consumption is 8 times lower.During the operation, the light is paid 8 to 10 times.Use local lamps when there is no need for general lighting.Take a rule, leaving the room, turning off the light.Disconnect the devices that are in standby mode for a long time.TVs, computer, music centers in standby mode consume energy from 3 to 10 W ∙ h.During the year, this equipment, including the chargers left in sockets, will give an additional energy consumption of 200 to 300 kWh.

Use the energy efficiency technique at least A. Additional energy consumption for household devices of obsolete structures is around 50%.

Do not install the refrigerator next to a gas stove or a heating radiator.This increases the energy consumption of a refrigerator from 20 to 30%.The refrigerator joint must be clean and well suited to the body and the door.Even a small gap in the seal increases energy consumption from 20 to 30%.Fresh products at room temperature before their placement in the refrigerator.Do not forget to defrost the refrigerator more often

Do not close the radiator of the refrigerator, leave the gap between the wall of the part and the rear wall of the refrigerator so that it can cool freely.

If you have an electric stove in your kitchen, make sure its burners are not deformed and closely adjacent to the bottom of the heated dishes.This will eliminate excessive consumption of heat and electricity.

Do not light the stove in advance and deactivate it a little earlier than necessary to prepare the dish.Boil in an electric kettle as much water as you should use it.

Use light colors when decorating the walls of the apartment.Light walls, light curtains, clean windows, a reasonable number of colors reduce lighting costs from 10 to 15%.

Note the readings of electricity meters and analyze how to reduce electricity consumption.

Turn off or transfer the computer into sleep mode if there is no need for its constant operation.With a continuous round work -chock, the computer consumes 70 to 120 kW ∙ h per month.If necessary, continuous operation is more effective in using a laptop or computer with reduced energy consumption.In general, it is quite possible to reduce electricity consumption by 40 to 50% without reducing quality of life and damage to habits.

Save water

Make sure you install water meters.This will be motivated to reduce water flow.Install the leverage switch on the taps instead of rotating cranes.The backup of the water will be 10 to 15% plus convenience in the selection of the temperature.Do not turn on water at full pressure.In 90% of cases, a small jet is quite sufficient, water consumption is reduced from 4 to 5 times.When you launch and take a shower, turn off the water when it is not necessary.The shower takes 10 to 20 times less water to accept the bath.Significant water saving occurs when two two -threshold drain tanks are used.It is necessary to carefully check the presence of water leaks from the drain tank, which occurs due to the old accessories.The replacement of accessories is not a very expensive event, but water savings are important.Thanks to a thin leak flow, you can lose several cubic meters of water per month.In general, a reduction in water consumption is 4 times - the task is very done and low.

Gas economy

The gas saving is mainly relevant if the gas meters are installed in the apartments, there are individual heating points.In this case, all measures to save heat and hot water lead to gas savings.During cooking, there are also gas backup opportunities:

• The burner's flame should not go beyond the bottom of the pan, pans, kettle, otherwise you simply warm the air in the apartment (saving 50% or more);
• The distorted background of the dishes leads to a gas exceeded at 50%;
• The dishes in which food is prepared must be clean and not buried.Contaminated dishes require 4 to 6 times more gasoline for cooking;
• Use economic dishes, these qualities are generally indicated by its manufacturer.The most energetic economic products are made of stainless steel with a polished background, especially with a layer of copper or aluminum.Aluminum dishes, enamel, with teflon coating is not economical;
• The oven door must adapt closely to the body of the plate and not free up hot air.In general, the simple economic use of gas gives a reduction in its consumption of 2 times, the use of the proposed measures - approximately 3 times.

Energy efficiency for modern society is an axiom.The economic use of heat, electricity, water, gas allows you to reduce its own costs and improve the environmental situation on the planet as a whole.

Conclusion

The relatively non -long but rapid development of the practical use of electricity is undoubtedly the greatest achievement of humanity.But whatever the power plants grandiose in our country, all where there is far.For the consumer, the principal and the family are the electrician of his apartment and his house.How to make electric wiring in an apartment and a house, which electrical networks are used for domestic needs, how to produce electrical equipment, how to repair an electrician with your own hands.